Facial Expressions of Emotion Are Not Culturally Universal
By Rachael E. Jack, Oliver Garrod, Hui Yu, Roberto Caldara, and Philippe G. Schyns
4 pagesFirst, whereas Westerners represent each of the six basic emotions with a distinct set of facial movements common to the group, Easterners do not. Second, Easterners represent emotional intensity with distinctive dynamic eye activity. By refuting the long-standing universality hypothesis, our data highlight the powerful influence of culture on shaping basic behaviors once considered biologically hardwired.